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ABSTRACT
The private buses joint with Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) are in use of very old engine and overload and out of good maintenance. This leads to high fuel consumption and high emission of air pollutants. The objectives of this project are (a) to study the benefits in terms of emissions rates, fuel consumption and related costs from engine tune-up or overhaul and preventive maintenance programs in the privately-run buses and (b) to compare the results from two different groups-private buses with existing tune up or overhaul by themselves and private buses with tune up or overhaul by car manufacturer. The summary of this study are to overhaul by manufacturer and preventive maintenance program is the most emission benefit that can reduce emission from private buses at least 40%, 20%, 55%,15% and 27% for CO, HC, PM, Black smoke and Opacity respectively. Moreover, daily fuel consumption rate is reduced at least 9%. In addition, economic analysis show that this option will give a maximum value of NPV, B/C ratio and IRR to private bus operator compare with other options. Whereas, engine tune up and preventive maintenance program will has maximum benefit when considering as a cost-effectiveness of emission reduction, fuel consumption reduction and a maximum NPV per one cost unit.
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