Abstract:
The relationship between air quality, travel demand, and transportation system performance in urban areas has been a major concern for policy makers and transportation planners. Current state-of-the-practice in urban travel demand analysis is supported by traditional four-step travel demand modeling system that can be linked to an emission model like US EPA’s MOBILE model. Although useful for basic transportation planning applications, the four-step approach is not directly of use in many cases and for most policy analysis applications mainly due to its trip-based sequential structure and lack of behavioral responses that makes the model unresponsive to congestion, pricing and most demand management measures. Thus, an alternative paradigm – an activity-based model – for travel demand modeling is developed that can provide improved capabilities to estimate emissions and predict traveler’s choice and behavior. This makes the model very suitable for policy analysis.
This research aimed at developing an activity-based microsimulation modeling system for an urban region of the developing world to test different scenarios and identify potential strategies to appraise and control the environmental impacts of vehicle emission. The study simulates the way individuals schedule their daily activities and travel, providing an opportunity to apply these models as a decision making tool for sustainable development. The case study is Jakarta, Indonesia as one of the largest metropolitan areas in Asia. The model consists of three types of major sub-models, namely, choices of daily activity patterns, times of day, and mode and destination, and it is developed using the available household travel and activity diary survey data. This modeling system is linked to an emission model that can provide level of pollutants under different policy scenarios that can support better appraisal and decision-making of urban transportation alternatives not only in Jakarta but also in other urban areas of developing countries.
Full paper:
Activity-based model, Microsimulation, Emission model, Jakarta |
