This report is intended to summarize the current state of air emissions issues related to motorcycles, which satisfy a significant portion of the personal and commercial transportation requirements in many metropolitan areas. This report addresses issues from a broad brush perspective. Although it is targeted to both policy makers and the interested layman, it must be recognized that local conditions in any given country might vary significantly from the generalized conditions assumed in this report. Sources of such variability extend from potential differences in the local motorcycle market and existing regulatory requirements, to emissions impacts associated with local issues such as fuel quality and climatology, to technology cost effectiveness influences associated with issues such as local fuel price and annual motorcycle usage rates.

URL: http://www.theicct.org/documents/Meszler_2&3Wheelers_2007.pdf