Dans les années 70, les concentrations en plomb dans les villes américaines étaient à des niveaux dangereux. La teneur en plomb a été diminuée de 2.4 grammes/ gallon en 1974 à 0. 1 grammes/ gallon dès 1986.

Cette étude a été réalisée en Afrique de l'Ouest, au Sénégal. Il s'agit d'une enquête épidémiologique transversale comparant deux populations, les exposés correspondant aux enfants vivant en milieu urbain (ville de Dakar ) et les non exposés correspondant aux enfants vivant en milieu rural ( plusieurs villages de Khombole dans la région de Thiès).

This study was carried out in West Africa, in Senegal. It is a transversal epidemiological study comparing two populations, the exposed children living in urban areas (Dakar) and the non-exposed children living in rural areas (several villages in Khombole in the region of Thiès).

The workshop made it possible for concerned public and private actors in the West Africa subregion to unite their efforts against the danger of air pollution from motor vehicles in the Sub-Saharan African cities.

Gasoline supply in Sub-Saharan Africa is provided by local refineries and complemented by imports. This pattern of supply can be subdivided into five geographical sub-regions, each dominated by key refinery centers. A working group was formed for each of the five sub-regions, and discussion time allotted, with the aim of formulating action plans to phase out leaded gasoline from the region.

Global Objective: Complete Phase-out of Leaded Gasoline by the end of 2004

The purpose of this action plan is to phase out unleaded gasoline without increasing the cost to the consumer or causing social disruption.

Le Togo n’est pas producteur de pétrole. L’utilisation du carburant contenant du plomb a des conséquences graves sur la santé des populations. L’élimination du plomb dans le carburant ne peut être que saluée par tous.

Currently, about 85 percent of all gasoline sold in the world is unleaded. This leaves only about 15 percent leaded fuel sold and used mainly in Africa, parts of Asia and eastern Europe. In many of these countries, there is still a poor understanding of the risk of lead exposure and confusion about the technical difficulty of eliminating leaded gasoline.

L’élimination du plomb de l’essence constitue une étape essentielle dans les stratégies d’amélioration de la qualité de l’air et des conditions de vie des populations urbaines. Les autres polluants tel que le souffre dans le diesel devront être éliminés.

In Nigeria, transport equipment is responsible for much of the urban air pollution due to the low level of industrialisation. These pollutants are mostly carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), lead (Pb), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrocarbons (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM).

All engines designed with valves seats made of reinforced steel or sintered steel, will admit the unleaded gasoline. Those which are not, could suffer the phenomenon called "valves seat recession".

Timing of change is affected by time for legislation, local oil industry planning and time to physically work old leaded fuels through the supply chain. phase-out.

Nigerians are exposed to lead from sources such as older paint, industrial emissions, petrol and lower level sources including fertilizers and building materials.

Presented at the Closing Ceremony. November 2001

Detailed information in French and English.

Ninety-one participants representing governments, the private sector and civil society, met in Nairobi, Kenya, from 5 to 7 June 2002 to develop an action plan for the phase-out of leaded gasoline in East Africa.