| World Bank Group | - 1. Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles - Standards and Technologies for Controlling Emissions
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 1. The Role of Natural Gas in the Transport Sector
Natural gas is a relatively clean transport fuel. which has been promoted both by government and industry in a number of countries. But not all promotional efforts have been successful, for good economic reasons. In the light of international experience this note considers the circumstances in which natural gas may play an important role, and attempts to identify appropriate policies for establishing that role in developing countries. - 2. Air Pollution from Motor Vehicles - Standards and Technologies for Controlling Emissions
Because of their versatility, flexibility, and low initial cost, motorized road vehicles overwhelmingly dominate the markets for passenger and freight transport throughout the developing world. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - Abuses in Fuel Market: How to Protect Consumers in Public
In the fuel business, smuggling, adulteration, mislabeling and short-weighting are widespread in many developing countries. - Alternative Fuels Transit Buses
Final Results from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Vehicle Evaluation Program - CNG Controversy
Taken from the World Bank's Sustainable Development, India website. - Coordinating Environment, Transport, and Energy Policies for Cleaner Air
Poor urban air quality causes serious environmental health damage in many developing countries. Arriving at effective and sustainable solutions to these problems requires a broad approach that takes into account the various sources of pollution, focuses on cost-effective and feasible interventions, involves affected stakeholders in decisionmaking, and coordinates policies across multiple sectors. An important challenge is to evaluate when and how environmental considerations should be reflected in sector policies. This note illustrates these points, taking urban air pollution from transport as an example. - Economic Valuation of the Health Impacts of Air Pollution
This module presents a brief overview of the methods commonly used to quantify the health impacts of air pollution and to value them. We focus on translating changes in ambient air quality into associated cases of premature mortality and morbidity and on the methods used to value these health effects. A case study Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation, is used to illustrate the application of these methods. - Leapfrogging Technology
Cost Effective Solution for Pollution in Developing Countries? - Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Passenger Transport: A Framework for Policy Analysis
This paper develops a simple framework to analyze various pollution control strategies that have been used or are proposed in the urban passenger transport sector. The context is the declining quality of air in urban areas, which is among the serious problems associated with the rapid motorization of societies the world over. - Transport Fuels Taxes and Urban Air Quality
In developing country cities, fuel use for transport is a growing contributor to air pollution and environmental health risks. One way of applying the "polluter pays " principle to transport is to adjust fuel taxes to reflect environmental externalities. But in setting tax rates on fuels, many factors need to be considered. - Urban Air Pollution - How Can Urban Bus Policy Reduce Air Pollution?
Buses are essential to everyday life in South Asia. They affect urban air quality both directly by emitting air pollutants and indirectly by reducing the congestion and emissions caused by the many smaller vehicles which they replace. - Urban Air Quality Management - Coordinating Transport, Environment, and Energy Policies in Developing Countries
This paper focuses primarily on cost-effective measures that are feasible to implement and that can bring about measurable results in the short to medium term. - Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia - Guidebook
- Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia: Guidebook
Intended for use in conjunction with four city-specific city reports--Mumbai (Bombay), Jakarta, Kathmandu, and Metro Manila--this guidebook provides details on air quality modeling, choices of abatement measures, and how cost-benefit analysis is used to choose appropriate measures. It summarizes the components of an action plan to manage and control air pollution. Planners and engineers will find it a valuable sourcebook for technical assistance. - Vehicular Air Pollution: Setting Priorities
Air pollution is viewed as a serious problem in many cities in South Asia. Many city governments hold transport largely responsible and have adopted, or are considering, technological measures to reduce vehicle emission. This note outlines a framework for the appraisal and selection of appropriate measures in the sector.
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