| Kojima, Masami | - Abuses in Fuel Market: How to Protect Consumers in Public
In the fuel business, smuggling, adulteration, mislabeling and short-weighting are widespread in many developing countries. - Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - Coordinating Environment, Transport, and Energy Policies for Cleaner Air
Poor urban air quality causes serious environmental health damage in many developing countries. Arriving at effective and sustainable solutions to these problems requires a broad approach that takes into account the various sources of pollution, focuses on cost-effective and feasible interventions, involves affected stakeholders in decisionmaking, and coordinates policies across multiple sectors. An important challenge is to evaluate when and how environmental considerations should be reflected in sector policies. This note illustrates these points, taking urban air pollution from transport as an example. - Leapfrogging Technology
Cost Effective Solution for Pollution in Developing Countries? - Transport Fuels Taxes and Urban Air Quality
In developing country cities, fuel use for transport is a growing contributor to air pollution and environmental health risks. One way of applying the "polluter pays " principle to transport is to adjust fuel taxes to reflect environmental externalities. But in setting tax rates on fuels, many factors need to be considered. - Urban Air Pollution - How Can Urban Bus Policy Reduce Air Pollution?
Buses are essential to everyday life in South Asia. They affect urban air quality both directly by emitting air pollutants and indirectly by reducing the congestion and emissions caused by the many smaller vehicles which they replace. - Urban Air Quality Management - Coordinating Transport, Environment, and Energy Policies in Developing Countries
This paper focuses primarily on cost-effective measures that are feasible to implement and that can bring about measurable results in the short to medium term. - Vehicular Air Pollution: Setting Priorities
Air pollution is viewed as a serious problem in many cities in South Asia. Many city governments hold transport largely responsible and have adopted, or are considering, technological measures to reduce vehicle emission. This note outlines a framework for the appraisal and selection of appropriate measures in the sector.
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