| Estructura de políticas | |
Esta sección incluirá una Guía de Políticas y Manual sobre Contaminación del Aire Urbano: Estructura de Políticas para las Fuentes Móviles. Ambos papers están en preparación. Versiones en borrador de ellos debieran ser emitidas para su revisión en junio de 2003.
La guía para los formuladores de políticas analizará las materias y cuestiones claves a considerar al formular una política para la contaminación del aire urbano causada por el transporte en calles urbanas. Específicamente, enfrentará la problemática crucial de cómo introducir gradualmente la adopción de tecnologías más limpias de manera rentable, y qué políticas no-técnicas son esenciales para maximizar las oportunidades de una implementación exitosa de políticas basadas en tecnología.
La guía estará apoyada por un manual de acompañamiento al cual se referirá para un análisis más detallado de los instrumentos tecnológicos, administrativos y económicos que estén disponibles para los países en desarrollo. Juntos tienen como misión ayudar a que estos países diseñen estrategias rentables para el control del impacto de las fuentes móviles sobre la calidad del aire de ciudad.
Esta sección también incluye relevantes Documentos de Políticas que podrían ser de ayuda para la evaluación propia del usuario acerca de la aplicabilidad de opciones de autobuses, camiones y combustibles más limpios
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| Documentos relacionados | - Abuses in Fuel Market: How to Protect Consumers in Public - Bacon, Robert / Kojima, Masami
In the fuel business, smuggling, adulteration, mislabeling and short-weighting are widespread in many developing countries. - Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses - Kojima, Masami
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - Coordinating Environment, Transport, and Energy Policies for Cleaner Air - Kojima, Masami / Lovei, Magda
Poor urban air quality causes serious environmental health damage in many developing countries. Arriving at effective and sustainable solutions to these problems requires a broad approach that takes into account the various sources of pollution, focuses on cost-effective and feasible interventions, involves affected stakeholders in decisionmaking, and coordinates policies across multiple sectors. An important challenge is to evaluate when and how environmental considerations should be reflected in sector policies. This note illustrates these points, taking urban air pollution from transport as an example. - Economic Valuation of the Health Impacts of Air Pollution
This module presents a brief overview of the methods commonly used to quantify the health impacts of air pollution and to value them. We focus on translating changes in ambient air quality into associated cases of premature mortality and morbidity and on the methods used to value these health effects. A case study Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation, is used to illustrate the application of these methods. - Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation - Vergara, Walter
- Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Passenger Transport: A Framework for Policy Analysis - Heil, Mark / Pargal, Sheoli
This paper develops a simple framework to analyze various pollution control strategies that have been used or are proposed in the urban passenger transport sector. The context is the declining quality of air in urban areas, which is among the serious problems associated with the rapid motorization of societies the world over. - Transporte Sustentable: Un Libro de Partida para los Hacedores de Políticas en las Ciudades en Desarrollo - Breithaupt, Manfred
- Transport Fuels Taxes and Urban Air Quality - Bacon, Robert / Gwilliam, Kenneth G. / Kojima, Masami / Lvovsky, Keseniya
In developing country cities, fuel use for transport is a growing contributor to air pollution and environmental health risks. One way of applying the "polluter pays " principle to transport is to adjust fuel taxes to reflect environmental externalities. But in setting tax rates on fuels, many factors need to be considered. - Urban Air Pollution - How Can Urban Bus Policy Reduce Air Pollution? - Akbar, Sameer / Gwilliam, Kenneth G. / Kojima, Masami
Buses are essential to everyday life in South Asia. They affect urban air quality both directly by emitting air pollutants and indirectly by reducing the congestion and emissions caused by the many smaller vehicles which they replace. - Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia - Guidebook - Gronskei, Knut Erik / Hanegraaf, M.C. / Jansen, Huib / Kuik, O. J. / Larssner, Steiner / Olsthoorn, Xander A. / Oosterhuis, F.H.
- Vehicular Air Pollution: Setting Priorities - Gwilliam, Kenneth G. / Kojima, Masami
Air pollution is viewed as a serious problem in many cities in South Asia. Many city governments hold transport largely responsible and have adopted, or are considering, technological measures to reduce vehicle emission. This note outlines a framework for the appraisal and selection of appropriate measures in the sector.
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