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| Documentos del Infopool |   Impactos de la contaminación- Impactos económicos
- Economic Valuation of the Health Impacts of Air Pollution
This module presents a brief overview of the methods commonly used to quantify the health impacts of air pollution and to value them. We focus on translating changes in ambient air quality into associated cases of premature mortality and morbidity and on the methods used to value these health effects. A case study Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation, is used to illustrate the application of these methods. - Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation
The annuyal health benefits of a 10 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 in Mexico City, conservatively estimated, are approximately $760 million (in 1999 U.S. dollars) annually. Reducing PM10 has larger estimated health benefits than reducing ozone, with each microgram per cubic centimeter reduction in PM10 worth about $100 million per year.
- Políticas e instrumentos en general
- Evaluación y priorización de políticas
- Economic Valuation of the Health Impacts of Air Pollution
This module presents a brief overview of the methods commonly used to quantify the health impacts of air pollution and to value them. We focus on translating changes in ambient air quality into associated cases of premature mortality and morbidity and on the methods used to value these health effects. A case study Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation, is used to illustrate the application of these methods. - Improving Air Quality in Metropolitan Mexico City: An Economic Valuation
The annuyal health benefits of a 10 percent reduction in ozone and PM10 in Mexico City, conservatively estimated, are approximately $760 million (in 1999 U.S. dollars) annually. Reducing PM10 has larger estimated health benefits than reducing ozone, with each microgram per cubic centimeter reduction in PM10 worth about $100 million per year. - 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - Abuses in Fuel Market: How to Protect Consumers in Public
In the fuel business, smuggling, adulteration, mislabeling and short-weighting are widespread in many developing countries. - Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
- Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
- Coordinating Environment, Transport, and Energy Policies for Cleaner Air
Poor urban air quality causes serious environmental health damage in many developing countries. Arriving at effective and sustainable solutions to these problems requires a broad approach that takes into account the various sources of pollution, focuses on cost-effective and feasible interventions, involves affected stakeholders in decisionmaking, and coordinates policies across multiple sectors. An important challenge is to evaluate when and how environmental considerations should be reflected in sector policies. This note illustrates these points, taking urban air pollution from transport as an example. - Policy Framework: Policy Guide and Policy Manual
The guide will be supported by an accompanying manual to which it will refer for more detailed discussion of the technological, administrative and economic instruments that are available to developing countries. - Reducing Air Pollution from Urban Passenger Transport: A Framework for Policy Analysis
This paper develops a simple framework to analyze various pollution control strategies that have been used or are proposed in the urban passenger transport sector. The context is the declining quality of air in urban areas, which is among the serious problems associated with the rapid motorization of societies the world over. - Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policymakers in Developing Cities
GTZ Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP) - Transport Fuels Taxes and Urban Air Quality
In developing country cities, fuel use for transport is a growing contributor to air pollution and environmental health risks. One way of applying the "polluter pays " principle to transport is to adjust fuel taxes to reflect environmental externalities. But in setting tax rates on fuels, many factors need to be considered. - Urban Air Pollution - How Can Urban Bus Policy Reduce Air Pollution?
Buses are essential to everyday life in South Asia. They affect urban air quality both directly by emitting air pollutants and indirectly by reducing the congestion and emissions caused by the many smaller vehicles which they replace. - Urban Air Quality Management Strategy in Asia - Guidebook
- Vehicular Air Pollution: Setting Priorities
Air pollution is viewed as a serious problem in many cities in South Asia. Many city governments hold transport largely responsible and have adopted, or are considering, technological measures to reduce vehicle emission. This note outlines a framework for the appraisal and selection of appropriate measures in the sector.
- Contaminación ambiental vehicular
- Vehículos
- Vehículos nuevos
- Diesels avanzados pesados
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable.
- Vehículos en uso
- Modificación (retrofit)
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable.
- Conversión
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable.
- Buses
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - Urban Air Pollution - How Can Urban Bus Policy Reduce Air Pollution?
Buses are essential to everyday life in South Asia. They affect urban air quality both directly by emitting air pollutants and indirectly by reducing the congestion and emissions caused by the many smaller vehicles which they replace.
- Camiones
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable.
- Combustibles
- Combustibles alternativos
- Gas natural comprimido (GNC)
- 1. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable. - 4. Breathing Clean: Considering the Switch to Natural Gas Buses
In response to emerging epidemiological evidence of the toxicity of diesel vehicular emissions, there is growing interest in substituting conventional diesel with much cleaner natural gas in cities where ambient concentrations of particulate matter are markedly higher than what is internationally considered acceptable.
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